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  • 1 malus

    1.
    mălus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. melas, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc.].— Comp.: pējor, pejus.— Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.:

    malus et nequam homo,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1:

    pessima puella,

    Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10:

    delituit mala,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9:

    philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,

    Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23:

    malam opinionem habere de aliquo,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59:

    consuetudo,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

    conscientia,

    Quint. 12, 1, 3:

    mens,

    id. ib.:

    mores,

    Sall. C. 18:

    fures,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 77:

    Furiae,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 135:

    virus,

    Verg. G. 1, 129:

    cicuta,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 56:

    libido,

    Liv. 1, 57:

    falx,

    Verg. E. 3, 11:

    gramina,

    id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17:

    abi in malam rem,

    go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17:

    pugna,

    unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56:

    avis,

    i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46:

    ales,

    id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4:

    haud mala est mulier,

    not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

    facies,

    Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43:

    crus,

    i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102:

    pondus,

    i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick:

    in malis aeger est,

    in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.:

    tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,

    id. 3, 5 med.:

    eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,

    id. ib. —In neutr. sing., as adv.:

    ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.— Comp.: pejor, worse:

    via,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,
    1.
    mă-lum, i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity, etc.
    A.
    In gen.:

    orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25:

    quam sit bellum, cavere malum,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

    nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto,

    id. Lael. 3, 10:

    hostes inopinato malo turbati,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12:

    externum, i. e. bellum,

    Nep. Hamilc. 21:

    ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris,

    Cels. 3, 15:

    hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 34, 11.—
    B.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury:

    malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,

    Liv. 2, 54, 10:

    malo exercitum coërcere,

    Sall. J. 100, 5:

    sine malo,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11:

    vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,

    ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

    amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,

    is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5:

    clementiam illi malo fuisse,

    was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own [p. 1105] hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.):

    olet homo quidam malo suo,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165:

    male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,

    to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—
    (β).
    Wrong-doing:

    causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,

    Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—
    (γ).
    As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment:

    quid tu, malum, me sequere?

    Plaut. Cas. 1, 3:

    qui, malum, alii?

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

    quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—
    (δ).
    As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—
    2.
    măle, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, alogistôs, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

    di isti Segulio male faciant,

    do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1:

    o factum male de Alexione!

    id. Att. 15, 1, 1:

    male velle alicui,

    to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13:

    Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    male loqui,

    id. Rosc. Am. 48:

    male loqui alicui, for maledicere,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25:

    male accipere verbis aliquem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

    equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,

    to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

    hoc male habet virum,

    annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5:

    male se habere,

    to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6:

    male est animo,

    it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

    male est animo,

    I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

    male fit animo,

    I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1:

    quae res tibi vertat male,

    much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:

    male tibi esse malo quam molliter,

    I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1:

    proelium male pugnatum,

    unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7:

    ea quae male empta sunt,

    at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1:

    male vendere,

    at a sacrifice, id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

    male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,

    id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34:

    male tegere mutationem fortunae,

    Tac. H. 1, 66:

    male sustinere arma,

    unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

    male metuo, ne, etc.,

    exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2:

    rauci,

    miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.—

    When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,

    insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5:

    male sana,

    with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8:

    gratus,

    i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27:

    male fidas provincias,

    unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17:

    statio male fida carinis,

    unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.— Comp.:

    oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

    pejusque leto flagitium timet,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and:

    cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,

    id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.
    2.
    mālus, i, f., Gr. mêlea, an appletree:

    malus bifera,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7:

    et steriles platani malos gessere valentes,

    Verg. G. 2, 70:

    malus granata,

    the pomegranate, Isid. 17, 7, 6:

    felices arbores putantur esse quercus...malus, etc.,

    Macr. S. 3, 20, 2.
    3.
    mālus, i, m. [by some referred to root mac-; Gr. makros; Lat. magnus; but perh. the same word with 2. malus], an upright mast, pole, or beam.
    I.
    In gen.:

    malos exaequantes altitudinem jugi surrexit,

    Front. Strat. 3, 8, 3.—
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    A mast of a ship:

    ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando agere nihil dicant, cum alii malos scandant, etc.,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

    malum erigi, vela fieri imperavit,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

    attolli malos,

    Verg. A. 5, 829:

    malo suspendit ab alto,

    id. ib. 5, 489:

    saucius,

    injured, Hor. C. 1, 14, 5.—
    B.
    A standard or pole, to which the awnings spread over the theatre were attached, Lucr. 6, 110; Liv. 39, 7, 8.—
    C.
    The beam in the middle of a wine-press, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—
    D.
    The corner beams of a tower:

    turrium mali,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > malus

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